Denisova Cave - First Evidence of the Denisovan People

Denisova Cave - First Evidence of the Denisovan People Denisova Cave is a rockshelter with significant Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic occupations. Situated in the northwestern Altai Mountains approximately 6 km from the town of Chernyi Anui, the site shows human occupation from the Middle Paleolithic to the Late Middle Paleolithic, starting ~200,000 years back. In particular, the cavern is the place the principal proof was found of Denisovans, a recently recognized types of person. Key Takeaways: Denisova Cave Denisova Cave is a rockshelter in the Altai Mountains of Siberia.First area where new primate species Denisovan was recognized, revealed in 2011Human occupations incorporate Neanderthals, Denisovans, and one individual of Neanderthal and Denisovan parentageCultural remains are like that found at Mousterian (Neanderthal) Upper Paleolithic sitesOccupations date somewhere in the range of 200,000 and 50,000 years prior The cavern, framed from Silurian sandstone, is ~28 meters over the correct bank of the Anui River close to its headwaters. It comprises of a few short exhibitions reaching out from a focal chamber, with an all out cavern zone of approximately 270 sq. m. The focal chamber estimates 9x11 meters, with a high angled roof. Pleistocene Occupations at Denisova Cave Unearthings in the focal chamber at Denisova have uncovered 13 Pleistocene occupations somewhere in the range of 30,000 and ~125,000 years bp. The sequential dates are all things considered radiothermalluminescence dates (RTL) taken on silt, except for Strata 9 and 11, which have a bunch of radiocarbon dates on charcoal. The RTL dates on the least are viewed as far-fetched, likely just in the scope of 125,000 years back. Layer 9, Upper Paleolithic (UP), Mousterian and Levallois, ~46,000 (OIS-2)Stratum 11, Initial Upper Paleolithic, Altai Mousterian, ~29,200-48,650 BP (OIS-3)Strata 20-12, Later Middle Paleolithic Levallois, ~69,000-155,000 BPStrata 21 and 22, Initial Middle Paleolithic Levallois, Mousterian, ~171,000-182,000 BP (OIS-5) Atmosphere information got from palynology (dust) and faunal taxa (creature bone) recommends that the most established occupations were situated in birch and pine woods, with some enormous treeless zones in higher heights. The accompanying time frames varied impressively, however the coldest temperatures happened not long before the Last Glacial Maximum, ~30,000 years prior, when a steppe domain was set up. Hominins Primate stays recouped from the cavern incorporate four Denisovans, two Neanderthals, and one individual, Denisova 11, spoke to by a section of a long bone, that hereditary examinations show was the offspring of a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. The individual was in any event 13 years of age at death: and her hereditary cosmetics demonstrates that her dad, as well, was the aftereffect of sexual congress between a Neanderthal and a Denisovan. The soonest Denisovan in the cavern lived between 122.7â€194.4 thousand years prior (kya); another lived somewhere in the range of 105.6 and 136.4 kya; and two lived somewhere in the range of 51.6 and 76.2 kya. Neanderthals lived somewhere in the range of 90.0 and 147.3 kya; and the Denisovan/Neanderthal kid lived somewhere in the range of 79.3 and 118.1 kya. The latest date isn't that not quite the same as the close by Ust Ishim site, an Initial Upper Paleolithic site dated between 45â€48 kya, leaving the likelihood that Ust Ishim may have been a Denisovan occupation. Denisova Cave Upper Paleolithic Despite the fact that the site is generally stratigraphically very unblemished, lamentably, a significant intermittence isolates the two UP levels 9 and 11, and the contact between them is altogether upset, making it hard to safely isolate the dates of the antiquities in them. Denisova is the sort site for what Russian archeologists have called the Denisova variation of Altai Mousterian, having a place with the Initial Upper Paleolithic time frame. Stone instruments in this innovation display utilization of the equal decrease procedure for centers, enormous quantities of laminar spaces and devices molded on huge sharp edges. Spiral and equal centers, restricted quantities of genuine sharp edges and a differing arrangement of ​racloirs are likewise recognized in the stone apparatus collections. A few wonderful workmanship objects have been recouped inside the Altai Mousterian layers of the cavern, including brightening objects of bone, mammoth tusk, creature teeth, fossilized ostrich egg shell and mollusk shell. Two sections of a stone wristband made of drilledâ worked and cleaned dull green chloritolite was found in these UP levels at Denisova. A lot of bone apparatuses incorporating little needles with penetrated eyes, drawbores and pendants, and an assortment of round and hollow bone globules has additionally been found in the Upper Paleolithic stores. Denisova contains the most punctual proof of looked at needle fabricate in Siberia. Denisova and Archeology Denisova Cave was found longer than a century back, however its Pleistocene stores were not perceived until 1977. From that point forward, broad unearthings by the Russian Academy of Sciences at Denisova and close by destinations of Ust-Karakol, Kara-Bom, Anuy 2 and Okladnikov have recorded impressive proof about the Siberian Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Chosen Sources Douka, Katerina, et al. Age Estimates for Hominin Fossils and the Onset of the Upper Paleolithic at Denisova Cave. Nature 565.7741 (2019): 640â€44. Print.Krause, Johannes , et al. The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Genome of an Unknown Hominin from Southern Siberia. Nature 464.7290 (2010): 894â€97. Print.Martinà ³n-Torres, Marã ­a, Robin Dennell, and Josã © Marã ­a Bermã ºdez de Castro. The Denisova Hominin Need Not Be an out of Africa Story. Diary of Human Evolution 60.2 (2011): 251â€55. Print.Mednikova, M. B. A Proximal Pedal Phalanx of a Paleolithic Hominin from Denisova Cave, Altai. Prehistoric studies, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 39.1 (2011): 129â€38. Print.Reich, David, et al. Hereditary History of an Archaic Hominin Group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature 468 (2010): 1053â€60. Print.Slon, Viviane, et al. The Genome of the Offspring of a Neanderthal Mother and a Denisovan Father. Nature 561.7721 (2018): 113â€16. Print.Slon, Viviane, et al. A Fou rth Denisovan Individual. Science Advances 3.7 (2017): e1700186. Print.

Michael Moore: An Influential Filmmaker Essay -- Cinema

Michael Moore, an Academy Award-winning movie producer is known for his profoundly disputable narratives. He advances to the more up to date age, attempting to instruct individuals alongside tending to our uncertain social issues in the United States. He offers instigate to degenerate things that our legislature is associated with that residents don't think about on the off chance that they don't peruse or watch the news. Michael Moore end up being a big deal impact through his work in the film business. His fundamental message is to get individuals to quit following their administration aimlessly, but instead stand up, pose inquiries, get included, and above all else demonstrates people groups capacity to be capable change what should be changed. He demonstrates being devoted methods assuming liability and being educated about what’s occurring in the media and all of Michael Moore’s films give the crowd this. Time magazine named Michael Moore one of the World’s 100 most persuasive individuals. Through his Oscar and Emmy grants, he demonstrates even a weak creator and maker with just a pen and a film camera can have a huge effect. His narrative Bowling for Columbine emphasized that by an assurance and determination that him, yet loyalists can make change. He talked with a portion of the enduring casualties of the Columbine shootings alongside Charlton Heston, the NRA president. He shows the grim impact of permitting weapons and shots to be so effectively open. Kmart was his principle goal and he took it upon himself by going right to the highest point of a significant corporate evolved way of life. The narrative was about how he had the option to get them to quit selling projectiles totally. Getting Kmart to quit selling slugs doesn’t imply that you’re going to keep kids from heading off to some place ... ...n in broad daylight, which numerous individuals are not gutsy enough to do, and for that many regard him. Michael Moore demonstrates that one man can have any kind of effect. He is an extraordinary case of practicing our entitlement to free discourse and scrutinizing the administration. On the off chance that something doesn’t appear to be correct he is a representative for discovering reality. Michael was a humble community kid who grew up to get one of the most persuasive narrative movie producers within recent memory. Works Cited Bowling For Columbine. Dir. Michael Moore. 2002. Fahrenheit 911. Dir. Michael Moore. 2004. Penn, Sean. Time.com. 18 April 2005. 8 March 2012 . Sicko. Dir. Michael Moore. 2007. The Oprah Winfrey Show. Michael Moore's Sicko. 1 January 2006. 8 March 2012 .

Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Please share this announcement with individuals who may be interested in the Rangel Graduate Fellowship.   More information is available at www.rangelprogram.org. The Charles B. Rangel International Affairs Program is now accepting applications for its 2011 graduate fellowships.   The Rangel Program seeks applicants who are interested in promoting positive change in the world as Foreign Service Officers for the U.S. Department of State.   The fellowship is open to undergraduate seniors and recent graduates who want to begin two-year master’s programs in the fall of 2011. In March 2011, the program will select twenty Rangel Fellows who will receive up to $90,000 in benefits over two years to fund tuition, mandatory fees, and living expenses for completion of two-year master’s degrees, as well as summer internships to promote professional development.   Fellows may use the fellowship to fund graduate studies of international affairs or a related subject such as public administration, business administration or public policy at U.S. universities.   Those who successfully complete the program will receive appointments as Foreign Service Officers upon graduation, embarking on one of the most exciting and rewarding careers. Eligibility requirements include U.S. citizenship, plans to enter graduate school in fall 2011, and a minimum 3.2 GPA.   The program encourages the application of members of minority groups historically underrepresented in the Foreign Service and those with financial need.   The application deadline is January 21, 2011.   Additional information about the Rangel Program and specific application requirements are available at www.rangelprogram.org. The Rangel Program is managed by the Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center at Howard University and funded by the U.S. Department of State.   It seeks to promote excellence and diversity in the U.S. Foreign Service. Contacts: Patricia Scroggs                                                                                             Erica Lee Director                                                                                                                           Program Assistant pscroggs@howard.edu rangelprogram@howard.edu erlee@howard.edu 202-806-4367 or 877-633-0002

The Peak Adventure Challenge Course - 1365 Words

The Peak Adventure Challenge Course brought up many skills and abilities that pertain to leadership, but few I can relate to myself unfortunately since I do not have many leadership skills. One thing they did emphasize that I feel like I can relate to is time management. After being in the military I became a big fan of being punctual. They talked about how if a game or session it will cut into the rest of the day. If something goes to long it could cut the last session short or if something ends early it could end the day prematurely. Even to get back on schedule can become challenging running another event longer or shorter. Being on time is a big objective in a day of activities. Something I’m not very good at is the point they made of†¦show more content†¦Communication is the key to any good leadership. If followers can not hear the leader then they are lost on what needs to get done. However, communication is not just for leaders though it is for followers as wel l because they can give feedback to the leader if something is not working and the leader can make adjustments to overcome the obstacle. Females mostly dominated the voice of the group because they spoke up the most. I think the females were more out spoken while the guys were shy and quiet. As the day went on the males became more vocal and started speaking up. It took awhile for everyone to start talking, but the group eventually got there. I believe the breaking point of when everyone started being vocal was when we broke into smaller groups. Its at this point it could be seen that everyone was having an easier time communicating to the rest of the group. I think to start being vocal in a larger group is difficult compared to speaking up in a smaller group. I can admit it was easier for myself to communicate in a smaller group then communicate in a larger group. Once you get to know more people in a larger group it is easier to speak up. When it came to volunteering at the start of the day no one really got up right away. It seemed more like everyone was thinking, â€Å"please don t pick me.† Granted there w ere a few girls who volunteered first, but not after a

Literature Review On Climate Change - 2734 Words

Chapter 3: Literature Review on Climate Change Climate change can be defined as a significant change in the â€Å"average weather† of any given region sustained in the long-term and can be caused by Earth s dynamic processes, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity, and also by human activities (USEPA, 2014). The burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, and deforestation over the last 200 years has caused the concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases to increase significantly in our atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to space. Greenhouse gases are necessary in our lives as they help in keeping the planet s surface warmer than it would otherwise be. But, as the concentrations of these gases continue to increase in the atmosphere, the Earth s temperature is climbing above past levels (USEPA, 2014). It has been observed through various researches that in the last century, average temperatures across the globe increased by over 1.3 °F with an increase of more than two times in the Arctic. (Bates, Kundzewicz, Wu, Palutikof, June 2008). The results of climate change can also be seen in changing precipitation patterns, increases in ocean temperatures, changes in the sea level, and acidity and melting of glaciers and sea ice (USEPA, 2014). 3.1 Climate Change and Water In the water sector, which is a special concern for this research, it is predicted that the water supply conditions in all regions and sectors in the world are likelyShow MoreRelatedArticle Review: Why Sustainable Tourism Must Address Climate Change by Daniel Scott1278 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sustainable Tourism and Climate Change Introduction This paper reviews Daniel Scotts article in the Journal of Sustainable Times Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. 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White Blood Cell and Marks Free Essays

A differential count of white blood cells from a patient gave the bsolute number of lymphocytes as 8000 per mm3 and the total number of white blood cells as 12,000 per mm3. Calculate the percentage of lymphocytes in this sample of white blood cells. Is this a normal or abnormal percentage? Explain your answer. We will write a custom essay sample on White Blood Cell and Marks or any similar topic only for you Order Now (4 Marks) Percentage of lymphocytes in WBC= 8000/12000 100=66. 67%, the normal values of lymphocytes in blood is 20%-40%. So this would be an abnormal percentage. 5. Describe the difference between a communicable disease and an inherited disease. Use examples you have studied in this exploration to support your description. (4 Marks) A communicable disease is a disease that is transmitted from person to person; for example, malaria. An inherited disease is a disease that is passed through genetics; for example, sickle cell anemia. 6. Why are white blood cells in a stained blood smear usually counted at low power under a microscope? Explain your answer. (2 Marks) They are counted at low power because they are much bigger than all other blood cells. If you try to count them on high power, you have to keep moving the slide and will likely lose count or get confused. On low power, the other cells are much less visible and you will get a broader picture of the white cells which it makes it easier to get an accurate count. 7. Why is the presence ofa larger than normal number of neutrophils indicative of an infection? Explain your answer. (2 Marks) 8. Why would you not expect to see tissue macrophages in a blood smear? Explain your answer. (4 Marks) How to cite White Blood Cell and Marks, Papers

Conference Management and Notification System †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Conference Management and Notification System. Answer: Introduction Event management is an essential part of todays world for smooth running of official or personal events. Official events can include conferences, seminars and meetings whereas personal events can involve wedding, birthday or anniversary (Bramwell and Bill). There are ample event management companies under event managers who are hired by individuals or organization to conduct the specific event in a smooth way. An event manager needs to be extremely creative in terms of planning an event because that is the main thumb- rule to get contacts for the next event. Apart from being creative, the event manager will have to take care of the crisis issues and the necessary steps for the management. There should not be any loop hole in the hospitality and reception of the guest because it poses a negative impact on the company reputation. An event manager cannot afford to reflect a bad image which will make his business standstill (Bales et al.). This particular report will analyze the event of an international conference held at the Geneva Business School. The senior students of the school have been assigned to arrange the 3- day long conference in an organized manner. The senior students have contacted a reputed event management company for conducting this particular event and making it a grand success. They were all the more cautious for the success of this event as it was their first opportunity to do something good for their school sake. They did not want to be blamed for any kind of mismanagement in the event. The main purpose of the conference was to present an opportunity to the students for investigating the role played by new employees in the improvement of organizational performance. The topic was decided on the basis of the contemporary situation when most of the students find them drowning in mid- sea after getting placed in an organization. It is a common problem that is not only faced by the students of Geneva Business School but other business schools too. This international conference was aimed to improve the condition of the students in the nations of the European Continent. All the reputed B- schools of the particular continent were invited to attend the conference and the dignitaries included professors, lecturers, principals of institutions and managers and leaders of organizations. There were other officials and recruiters from different companies who delivered strategic advices for the budding managers. This international conference based on the roles played by new talents for the betterment of organizational performance was very appealing to the present audience as it was a demanding topic by the students (Brigham, Eugene and Ehrhardt). The topic was aimed to benefit the students of the business schools in the European continent as they will be able to learn something apart from their theoretical curriculum. To get a first- hand training of the work atmosphere general reading of the textbooks and assessments are not sufficient. To bridge the gap in that definite area the students will need to look away from their textbooks and seek for practical knowledge. This international conference will help them to gather knowledge on the practical field by gaining insights from experts who have had many years of experience in the field of business management. Live examples from the workplace will enable the students to understand the situation in a better way. The lecture of the organizational managers will make the students realize the current market scenario and thus they will be able to groom themselves accordingly. The practical experience in the course of the event will provide a clear picture of the organizational perfor mance and the required expectations from the new employees by the managers. The feedback session from the students will also help the officials, managers and recruiters to understand what the employees expect to get in return from the organization. The students must not keep anything confidential while providing feedback as it will help the professors to structure the course curriculum in a way which will benefit the students in their career. The honest feedback from the students will help the managers too for modifying the organizational structure to take into consideration employee motivation and satisfaction (Cserhati, Gabriella, and Szabo). Timing and location of the event Timing and location is a very crucial factor in terms of managing an event. These are the two important factors which determine the success of an event. Attendance of people in an event is dependent a lot on the spatio temporal factors. The location and time of the event has to be chosen in such a way so that the place is accessible easily and the timing does not clash with any other event. For this particular international conference the event management company had to take into account a lot of things before selecting the venue of the event. They had to choose a location keeping in mind the accessibility and the convenience of the invitees to reach the place. Mandarin Oriental in Geneva was selected where the event was held as well as staying arrangements were made for the international students and guests. This particular hotel is situated in an amazing and serene location mixed with the spectacular view of mountains in the background along the gentle river Rhone vistas. This luxu rious 5- star hotel has a traditional Swiss ambience blended with the style, comfort and remarkable service which makes it a perfect place to stay back. It is centrally located with a minimal distance of approximately 6 km from the Geneva airport thus making it easily accessible for the foreign guests. It was convenient from the train station too which is why this hotel was selected for the event. Time is another critical factor which should be taken into consideration while managing an event. First and foremost, the even management company has to fix dates with the Geneva Business School and according to their convenience the selected dates were 4th February 2018 to 6th February 2018. These dates were suggested because the senior students will be relieved from the exam pressure by the end of December 2017 and will get time to prepare for the conference. These dates were also tallied with the hotel managers and the caterers and fortunately the rooms were free on those days. The host institution also booked the conference room for those three days and the hotel management gladly informed them that there is no rush in the first week of February as the peak season begins from the mid of the month. The students got divided into few teams to make the arrangements separately and easily. The inauguration of the event was scheduled at 9 am on 4th Feb which was a convenient time as the guests were arriving the previous day. The venue selected for the event was Mandarin Oriental in Geneva which was centrally situated and easily accessible both from the railway station as well as the Geneva airport (Catherwood et al.). The view from the hotel was extraordinary with a combination of gentle flowing river and the strong and sturdy mountain created an ambience of calmness and tranquility. This hotel was selected after a lot of confusion and the company was in a dilemma about the venue for a long time. There are not many options in Geneva when it comes to hotels for arranging such a grand event as international conference. The large parking facility in the basement of the hotel was really helpful for storing numerous cars and buses. The system of valet parking in the hotel is something worth praising as there are not many hotels in the area which provide this service. This fact was considered while making selection of the venue by the event manager because the guests would always feel laid back to find the par king area by themselves and keep their vehicles in a proper place. It is a complementary service that can be easily provided by the hotel management as well as make the guests happy. Along with these basic facilities we had also considered the accommodation such as the required number of rooms and if that will be sufficient for all the guests or not. The Mandarin Oriental also passed the test in this category because they had ample airy rooms with air- conditioned facilities, large washrooms and every room and suites faced the mountain. The rooms were accommodated with the basic furniture such as sofa, cupboard, wardrobe, dining table and chair, rocking chair and a small study. There were room services available throughout the day with a simple phone call. The guests can even cook their favorite platter in the attached kitchen. The audio- visual systems provided in the rooms and suites can turn into a mini theatre. The beautiful dcor of the rooms have the ability to impress even a pessimist. The conference hall and the lawn were provided as a complement from the hotel authorizes as a gift to the Geneva Business School because their owner had been a student of the same school. It was an unexpected as well as overwhelming experience for the students to have in the conference the owner of the venue as an alumnus. The facilities available at the hotel were undoubtedly the best any event management company can arrange for and the extra perks that were provided along with had been icing on the cake. Organizing Committee and Event Manager The organizing committee included the senior students of Geneva Business School who are on the verge of getting placed in different organizations. To organize the event in a successful manner and keep up their reputation high the students had approached one of the popular event management groups in the region. XYZ EVENTS had been always a reputed event management group and with the new manager their success graph has become stagnant at the peak with no scope of going down. What can be better than approach such a famous organization to conduct such a prestigious event? In the beginning, the board of directors of the Geneva Business School had approached three students to organize the event. They were asked to form separate teams under their leadership which will make their task easy and doable. The brief profile of each of the members is given below in a tabular form. Student Responsibility S1 Suggesting the venue and selecting dates S2 Make a guest list S3 Inviting the internal members of the institution Thus S1, S2 and S3 had formed a group of 4 under their leadership thus the total strength became 12 all over to fulfill their responsibility properly. Following is a list of the strengths and weaknesses possessed by these 3 leaders. Student Strength Weakness S1 Loud Extrovert Communication expert Calm and cool Has a dominating attitude Try to grab a control over others Tries to take advantage of the power and position S2 A good manager Extremely friendly Has a good rapport with almost everyone inside the school Not a good leader Cannot identify the qualities in other people Weak in managing external affairs S3 Effective communication skills Hard working Responsible Competent Easily loses temper Tries to do all work by himself and thus ruining it at the end With this strengths and weaknesses of the members it can be mentioned that out of the three students no one is a perfect leader and actually needed guidance through this international conference which will help them to cope up with their weaknesses and make them a better leader. To draw up a brief outline of the event management company it can be said that XYZ EVENTS is considered to be among the top event management companies in the region. In their 12 years of journey they have not faced with a single loss. They have the record of managing the top most and high class events in Switzerland and abroad with utmost success. XYZ EVENTS has committed to give their best performance for each task that they are hired and to achieve that 100% success they do not take the responsibility of more than 5 events each month. Events (Category: General) Time Identifying the name and topic 2 hours Identifying the location 3 days Deciding the date 2 days Set the daily starting and ending time 5 hours Creating a primary budget 4 days (Category: Location) Contacting with the specific hotels for rooms, conference hall and free space 2 days Arranging for site inspections to compare among different properties 7 days Research on the facilities available at the hotels 5 days Comparing the options regarding housing and banquet and prices of different hotels 5 days Research and compare among the suppliers 4 days Research on the availability of parking and transportation to the particular place 6 days Confirmation of dates, time and price 2 days Negotiation of contract 2 days (Category: Speakers) Apply the speakers bureau or the management experts for keynote speakers 3 days Make a temporary list of the probable speakers 3 hours Contact with the speakers 6 days Research the terms of performance 3 days Making a final list of speakers 1 day Set a schedule for the speakers 2 hours Tally the performance schedule with the speakers 2 days Sending formal invitations 3 days Negotiating contract with the speakers 3 hours Booking of accommodation 1 day Contacting the transport company 3 hours Arranging of transport and hospitality services 5 hours (Category: Marketing) Writing a marketing plan for the international conference 3 hours Making a list of the probable sponsors 1 day Negotiating contract with the sponsors 4 hours Creating a theme and logo for the conference 1 hour Creating promotional plan such as the internet campaign, TV/ radio campaign and printed materials 1 day Designing and printing of brochures, tickets, advertising materials and invitations 10 days Arrange for advertising 7 days (Category: Others) Deciding on the required equipments for the event 3 days The number of staffs required for conducting the event 2 days Contacting with the catering management 3 hours Deciding the food items 2 hours Negotiating contract with the catering management 3 hours Arranging waste disposal places 2 hours Deciding on the details of the events such as what will be the program and the sequence 5 hours Finances and Budgets Setting up a budget is a very important part of pre event planning. It requires both detailed attention and a complete scope of the event to decide where to spend the money by keeping within the limit of the allotted budget. The total budget for the international conference was 300K Egyptian Pound and there was no scope to exceed the budget. Within the given amount of money, the company had to keep in mind the requirement for contingence package to cover the incidentals. The following structure reflects the individual expenses in each category of the event. Items Amount (Pre- conference expenses) Transportation cost 10,000 EGP Accommodation cost 25,000 EGP Operating expenses 5000 EGP Equipments and materials 12,000 EGP Other supplying materials and services 20,000 EGP (Main event expenses) Food and catering 15,000 EGP Rent of venue 30,000 EGP (Post- conference expenses) Preparing the report 12,000 EGP Payment of the staff for doing overtime 10,000 EGP Others 25,000 EGP Total cost 164,000 EGP Remaining balance 136,000 EGP As it can be observed in the above structure of budget that, the total expense for the event was 164,000 EGP and the remaining balance was 136,000 EGP. This remaining balance was set aside for any kind of emergency crisis that will be needed to be mitigated immediately. This particular amount was kept on reserve and not allocated to any task but simply used for insuring against other costs. The categories in which the contingency budget can be utilized are given below in a pictorial form. It can be reflected from the picture that there are almost equal chances of risk that can damage the event of Geneva Business School. The potential risk factors include unexpected accidents, sudden change in the itinerary, food crisis as in a definite item is not available on that particular day, increase in the number of guests, sudden change of venue or increase in fuel price resulting in the increase of transportation costs. All these factors had to be kept in mind and a contingency budget was set aside to facing these crises so that it will not be able to hamper the prestigious event in any way (Mller and Martin). It is very important to identify the probable risks that can hamper the event. Until and unless it is a major risk there is no need to change the venue. Preparing a contingency plan refers to preparing for the worst that might arise in the form of natural calamity or any man- made disaster. Planning and predetermination of the risks help in getting over the worst. One i mportant factor that the event manager must consider is that even if his budget exceeds he should never cut on the contingency expenses. This will lead to using money from his pocket if the situation demands so. That is why it is necessary to reduce the contingency and one has to be extremely lucky if he does not need to use his contingency budget which means that his pre- event planning was successful and he could save money as in the case of this particular event. Keeping a lower contingency budget in the international conference of Geneva Business School showed that XYZ EVENTS are an adept in the art of event planning. Sponsorship plays a pivotal role in the process of event management. Without the support of sponsors, an event cannot be successful. Sponsors help in creating brand awareness thus helping to generate preference of the consumer or audience and also responsible for brand loyalty. It is possible for a company to strengthen its brand awareness among the target public by sponsoring an event or organization that is associated with the similar kind of target group. Sponsorship should not be misunderstood as an act of charity; it is an act of contribution with the intention of positive return through ROI (Shone, Anton and Parry). On 4th, 5th and 6th February 2017, Geneva Business School will be conducting an international conference on the topic role of new employees in improving organizational performance. This event will be held in the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Geneva. Guests will come from distinguished B- schools and organizations from the European continent. The students who are going to be placed in different organizations will be guided by the eminent managers and leaders on the essential criteria required for working in a business organization. This is the first time that the school is organizing this international conference and they are really looking forward to its grand success. The presence of the eminent lecturers and managers will make the event worthwhile to b attended. This three-day long event will expose the students to the practical field of management which are absolutely different from their theoretical textbooks. This hand- on experience will help the novice in the field of management to overcome any kind of barriers that might come in their way in the course of working in a particular organization there will also be an interactive session which might give an opportunity of placement for the students. We are inviting the companies to contribute money and free publicity which will create a positive image. We hope to have the opportunity of to share our total presentation of sponsorship benefits with your company in the coming days. I will contact you on the specific date and time to call for a meeting and please do not hesitate to call me in the given number or drop me a mail in the given email id. Your presence in the event will be gladly accepted. Promotional strategies and marketing goes side by side when it comes to introduction or launching of new products or services. By promoting services or product, the owner or company can reach its target group using the media. Promotion of the product or services is the main element of success by interacting and engaging the target group (Uysal et al.). For this particular event of international conference at the Geneva business School the XYZ EVENTS had thought of mind- breaking ideas for the publicity of the event as well as the institution. They had selected a theme for the event which was everyone had to wear shades of red, orange or yellow as they carry significant meanings in the business world. The dcor of the venue was also kind of similar to these three colors to create a particular ambience. The content and details of the event was published in the form of brochure and pamphlets which was given as handouts to the internal and external publics. Digital hoardings were designed around the prominent places all over Europe. All small and large business schools were invited via mail and the media houses were sent press release. Advertisement was shown in the TV, in print media and also in the form of text messages in personal devices. The event management company had also developed an app for the ease of connecting to the intere sted individuals which not only gave details of the event but also allowed to register for the event. There were pop- ups shown in the social media to grab the attention of the students. Using these prominent media will be beneficial to publicize the event. All the promotion will be started 3 months prior the event so that the interested candidates can make necessary arrangements. The message of the promotion was- Get over it. This simple message will be understood hen the audience will go through the whole advertisement which means that it is time for the youngsters to get over the mandatory fear of getting placed in an organization and his responsibility toward it. Conclusion Thus it can be summarized from this report that the students who were assigned the task of managing the event of international conference did their part accordingly from contacting the best event management company to participating in the event. The event management company had also put their utmost effort as always to make a glorious event by proper promotion through the effective media channels and keeping up to the budget. Bibliography Bales, Bruce M., et al. "Multi-level conference management and notification." U.S. Patent No. 5,373,549. 13 Dec. 1994. Bramwell, Bill. "Strategic planning before and after a mega-event."Tourism management18.3 (1997): 167-176. Brigham, Eugene F., and Michael C. Ehrhardt.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning, 2013. Catherwood, Dwight W., and Richard L. Van Kirk.The Complete Guide to Special Event Management: Business Insights, Financial Advice, and Successful Strategies from Ernst Young, Advisors to the Olympics, the Emmy Awards and the PGA Tour. John Wiley Sons, 1992. Cserhati, Gabriella, and Lajos Szabo. "The relationship between success criteria and success factors in organisational event projects."International Journal of Project Management32.4 (2014): 613-624. Damster, Greg, and Dimitri Tassiopoulos.Event management: A professional and developmental approach. Juta and Company ltd, 2005. Dwyer, Larry, et al. "A framework for assessing tangible and intangible impacts of events and conventions."Event management6.3 (2000): 175-189. Getz, Donald, and Stephen J. Page.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge, 2016. Getz, Donald. "Developing a research agenda for the event management field."Events beyond(2000): 10-21. Griffin, Douglas, Patricia Shaw, and Ralph Stacey. "Speaking of complexity in management theory and practice."Organization5.3 (1998): 315-339. Jones, Meegan.Sustainable event management: A practical guide. Routledge, 2014. Kaplan, Robert S. "Innovation action research: creating new management theory and practice."Journal of management accounting research10 (1998): 89. Koontz, Harold. "The management theory jungle."Academy of Management Journal4.3 (1961): 174-188. McWilliams, Abagail, and Donald Siegel. "Event studies in management research: Theoretical and empirical issues."Academy of management journal40.3 (1997): 626-657. Mller, Martin. "The mega-event syndrome: Why so much goes wrong in mega-event planning and what to do about it."Journal of the American Planning Association81.1 (2015): 6-17. Pearson, Christine M., and Judith A. Clair. "Reframing crisis management."Academy of management review23.1 (1998): 59-76. Shone, Anton, and Bryn Parry.Successful event management: a practical handbook. Cengage Learning EMEA, 2004. Uysal, Muzaffer, Lawrence Gahan, and B. S. Martin. "An examination of event motivations: a case study."Festival Management Event Tourism1.1 (1993): 5-10. Walker, John R.Introduction to hospitality. Pearson Higher Ed, 2016.

Stylish Kicks Shoe Crafters Ltd

Concept Generation Stylish Kicks Shoe Crafters Ltd is a company that designs and makes footwear. It has been in business for the last 12 years. We have been looking to expand our operations by diversifying our range of products further.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stylish Kicks Shoe Crafters Ltd specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Our Research Development department in the course of its intensive research work has identified existence of a market gap for maternity shoes. It has interviewed several expectant mothers who have given them valuable input regarding the challenges they face when oedema kicks in and what kinds of shoes they would want to wear in those circumstances. The Ministry of Public Health has also been instrumental in providing useful information for Stylish Kicks ltd in consideration of executing the maternity footwear idea. The information includes statistics of pregnancy oedema in the country , consequences of wearing inappropriate shoes, and the importance of good posture in pregnancy. Stylish Kicks ltd is therefore gearing up for a new product line, maternity footwear, specifically designed for moms to be. We plan to call it for Mama. Concept Screening We will follow the following evaluation criteria: Feasibility Now, Stylish Kicks will be out to find out how practical launching for Mama is going to be. We will seek to know whether the market is large enough as to justify investment of capital in the project. The target market, needless to say, is the expectant women and their population is obviously substantial, backed by statistics collected by the RD department from the Ministry of Public Health and other independent surveys. Acceptability Various departments will be looking at the viability of the product, their judgements being on different perspectives. Marketers will want to know how acceptable the market share is. Preliminary Design At this point the company wi ll determine make a product using a preliminary design and launch in the market to evaluate its acceptability. The company will then take the views of the customers who will the guinea pigs. After that, the company embarks on the making of a final product.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Design Evaluation and Improvement After making for Mama, we will take it to market for pre-testing. We will offer free samples to prenatal hospitals across the market (both high end and low end). We will evaluate critical areas of for Mama. This includes the impact of encouraging messages, comfort, durability (a little bit long term) and the overall brand perception. Prototyping and Final Design Putting into consideration the evaluation and improvement aforementioned, we will make a virtual prototype by use of Computer Aided Design and Drafting software. This will guide us in making a real p rototype. Once we have a design that meets the above criteria, we will start making the real final product. This final design will undergo testing on a small scale. We will have confidence in its performance in the market since we will have done enough research and taken care of the initial sentiments (Kotler, Margaret and Turner, 2011). Factors That Affect Location Decisions The key decisions involve in managing a channel include: Selecting members of a channel: Different companies attract customers differently within the different channels. In order to get the best intermediaries, the company should consider the following: the number of years the intermediary has been in the business, their profit and growth records, other services that they offer, their solvency, their degree of cooperativeness and their reputation. Motivating channel members: For the intermediaries to perform well, the company must always motivate them. Some of the ways that a company can use to motivate them in clude the use of coercing power, rewarding power, legitimate power, expert power and referent power. Evaluating channel members: Occasionally the company should evaluate the performance of their members. This should always be in relation to their set standards (Hutt and Speh 2009). Modifying channel arrangements: In order for a given channel to be effective, the producer should occasionally modify it to keep up with new conditions in the marketplace. Modification usually becomes essential if the current channel is not working as required, the market gets bigger, the buying patterns of consumers change, new competitors enters the market, better channels of distribution emerges and if the product enters a different production stage in its life cycle (Kotler, Shalowitz Stevens, 2010). References Hutt, M. Speh, T. (2009). Business Management Marketing. London: Cengage Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stylish Kicks Shoe Crafters Ltd specifically for yo u for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kotler, P., Margaret, H. Turner, E. (2011). Marketing Management. New York: Pearson Publishers. Kotler, P., Shalowitz, J. Stevens, J. (2010). Marketing for Health Care Organizations: Building a Customer-Driven Health System. London: John Wiley and Sons Publishers. This essay on Stylish Kicks Shoe Crafters Ltd was written and submitted by user Cayden Fischer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Story Behind the Phrase Kilroy Was Here

The Story Behind the Phrase Kilroy Was Here For a few years during and after World War II, he was ubiquitous: a doodle of a big-nosed man, peering over a wall, accompanied by the inscription Kilroy was here. At the height of his popularity, Kilroy could be found just about everywhere: in bathrooms and on bridges, in school cafeterias and on homework assignments, in the holds of Navy ships and painted on the shells of Air Force missiles. A classic Bugs Bunny cartoon from 1948, Haredevil Hare, shows just how deeply Kilroy had penetrated into pop culture: thinking hes the first rabbit to land on the moon, Bugs is oblivious to the slogan Kilroy was here prominently etched on a rock behind him. The Prehistory of Kilroy Was Here Where did the meme- and thats exactly what it was, 50 years before the invention of the internet- Kilroy was here come from? Well, graffiti itself has been around for thousands of years, but the Kilroy drawing seems to have derived from a similar graffito, Foo was here, popular among Australian servicemen during World War I; this was also a depiction of a big-nosed cartoon figure peering over a wall, but it was not accompanied by any words. Around the same time  Kilroy was popping up in unexpected places in the U.S., another doodle, Mr. Chad, was appearing in England. The Chad doodle may have derived from the Greek symbol for Omega, or it may have been a simplified adaptation of a circuit diagram; whatever the case, it carried the same someone is watching connotation as Kilroy. At some point shortly before the outbreak of World War II, it seems, Foo, Chad, and Kilroy merged their memetic DNA and mutated into the classic Kilroy was here. Where Did Kilroy Come From? As to the derivation of the name Kilroy, thats a matter of some dispute. Some historians point to James J. Kilroy, an inspector at the Fore River Shipyard in Braintree, MA, who supposedly wrote Kilroy was here on various parts of ships as they were being built (after the ships were completed, these inscriptions would have been inaccessible, hence Kilroys reputation for getting into impossible-to-reach locations). Another candidate is Francis J. Kilroy, Jr., a soldier in Florida, sick with the flu, who wrote Kilroy will be here next week on the wall of his barracks; since this story only appeared in 1945, though, it seems doubtful that Francis, rather than James, was the source of the Kilroy legend. Of course, its also possible that neither James nor Francis Kilroy were involved in any way, and that the name Kilroy was conjured up from scratch by a bored G.I. At this point, we should mention a 2007 documentary, Fort Knox: Secrets Revealed, which aired in 2007 on the History Channel. The premise of the show is that Fort Knox was loaded with gold in 1937, but only made accessible to the public in the 1970s- so the producers at the History Channel could uncork part of the forts innards and visit a time capsule of pre-war America. In the documentary, Kilroy was here can be seen written on a wall inside the vault, which would imply that the origin of this meme dates to no later than 1937. Unfortunately, it was later revealed by one of the shows consultants that the vault footage was recreated (i.e., completely made up), which should make you think twice about the historical accuracy of anything aired on this cable channel! Kilroy Was Here Goes to War The four years of World War II were a tough, dangerous, and often lonely slog for Americas servicemen, who needed any form of entertainment they could get. In this regard, Kilroy was here functioned as a morale booster- when U.S. soldiers landed on a beachhead, they would often see this meme inscribed on a wall or fence nearby, presumably planted there by an advance reconnaissance team. As the war progressed, Kilroy was here became an emblem of pride, carrying the message that no place, and no country, was beyond the reach of Americas might (and especially not if Kilroy was here happened to be painted on the side of a missile penetrating deep into enemy territory). Amusingly, neither Josef Stalin nor Adolf Hitler, two dictators not known for their sense of humor, could quite make sense of  Kilroy was here. The famously paranoid Stalin was reportedly unsettled when he glimpsed a Kilroy was here graffito in a bathroom stall at the Potsdam Conference in Germany; presumably he instructed the NKVD to find the individual responsible and have him shot. And Kilroy was here was inscribed on so many pieces of American ordinance recovered by the Germans that Hitler wondered if Kilroy was a master spy, along the lines of the yet-to-be-invented James Bond! Kilroy has had a robust afterlife. Old memes never truly go away; they persist out of historical context, so that a six-year-old watching Adventure Time or reading a Peanuts comic strip from the 1970s will be aware of this phrase, but not of its origins or its connotations. Its not only the case that Kilroy was here; Kilroy is still among us, in comic books, video games, TV shows, and all sorts of pop-culture artifacts.

Honer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Honer - Essay Example Unfortunately, the experts stated that it was impossible to transform it to arable land. Despite this, Sheikh Zayed looked for alternative ways of improving this land. He chose to focus on planting of trees in order to limit erosion, and thus make the land more habitable. This approach proved to be a great success. This shows that despite the challenges he encountered, Sheikh Zayed continued to pursue his vision. His desire was to make the lives of people more comfortable in the country, and this he achieved. He developed a strategy that helped to achieve his vision as the leader of the UAE. Although Sheikh Zayed was not highly educated, his actions and utterances were reasonable and he always acted responsibly. He had a clear desire to provide the citizens of the UAE with basic needs such as education, healthcare and arable land. He vigorously campaigned for the education of the youth and adults. To him, education was the key to a successful and prosperous country. He also had a strong belief in women. According to him, women have an important role to play in the building of the nation. For instance, he once stated that â€Å"Woman is the maker of generations† and â€Å"I encourage woman to work in the positions that suit her nature and preserve her dignity as a mother and maker of generations.† I have tremendous respect for Sheikh Zayed and what he has achieved. I am motivated to continue pursuing the vision he had for the country based on the respect I have for him. One of the main reasons why the people of UAE talk proudly and passionately about their country and their leaders is because of the actions and good deeds of their leaders. This is because when a person treats others well, he is likely to be treated in a similar fashion by these people. In conclusion, there is one quote by Sheikh Zayed I would like to share: â€Å"Progress and renaissance are not to be measured by reinforced concrete structures, but rather by building human being and

Give an account of the main causes of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Essay

Give an account of the main causes of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and its impact on African societies - Essay Example 177). The other cause of the trade was because the labor from Africa was cheap unlike the labor they used to get back in the colonies. This therefore increased the trade even more as more laborers who were cheaply bought in auctions and ship paddocks were easily available. The higher the demand, the more the Africans were captured in Africa and shipped over only for them to go and become slaves being mistreated and humiliated by their white employers and being worked mercilessly and tirelessly. The other cause was that the African traditional leaders such as the chiefs wanted prosperity and they sought it through selling off some of their people to the European traders to be shipped over as slaves in return for getting riches such as ivory, gold, beads, clothes, shoes among others. These goods they were given in exchange with the slaves were not commonly available and hence brought about not only wealth but prestige and more power to the leaders. The slave trade caused conflicts among the African themselves splitting some communities, resulting into deaths and permanent rift that is still present in some West African states to present. These conflict were brought about because he slaves were captured during raids of communities and once the raid took place, then conflicts between the communities ensured resulting in more fighting, death, destruction of property and political system among other negative consequences (Green, 2012, pg. 179). Male slaves that were muscular and energetic were the ones sought after to be sold and this happened in large numbers as slave trade was at one point the main source of export in West Africa. This resulted in disproportion in the male population as well as break-up of the traditional family setup as women were forced to be the heads of households as well as offer security to their homesteads in addition to being the bread winners. Without strong males, the Africans became vulnerable to attacks as well as dwindle in farm

Conflict Observation and Analysis

Conflict Observation and Analysis Conflict Analysis Part 1: Observe an instance that you are not personally involved with where conflict is present (you will need to be a bit of a covert operator to accomplish this). Answer the following: In several detailed paragraphs, describe the conflict scene. 1a. Who was involved in the conflict? What was the relationship between the participants prior to the conflict? Did it appear as if the relationship between the participants had any impact on how either person responded to the conflict? I decided to pay a visit to my aunt and uncle one day. They own their own business and they run it out of their home. I pulled into their driveway and proceeded to enter their house, when I overhead a loud argument coming from another room. An employee was arguing with my aunt, who owns the business. My aunt and uncle are both co-owners, the employee decided to play both sides against one another. She basically asked my aunt for something work related and my aunt said no, so the employee decided to go behind her back and ask my uncle without informing him that his wife had already said no. My aunt was livid that the employee went behind her back, since she has just as much pull as my uncle does. She felt it was really dishonest and disrespectful. I feel that the relationship between the two participants was civil at one point, but as the argument escalated, the trust was gone and was never to be regained. My uncle is a smart man, he told the employee that he needed to discuss it with his wife before he can grant any permissions. At the end of the day, the employee was issue a warning and as far as I know, she has never overstepped her boundaries since. 1b. When and where did it take place? Was it formal or informal? Planned or unplanned? What impact did the location and time have on the outcome? The argument took place in the basement of their home, where they have their home based business setup. The date was Monday, September 15th, 2014, the time was roughly 8:30 am. The argument seemed to be unplanned by the employee, because up until that point, she wasnt aware that she had gotten caught and was in trouble. On the other hand, the argument seemed to be planned or premeditated by my aunt who seemed to be waiting for the employee to arrive that morning to give her a piece of her mind. The impact of the argument, caused a decreased moral in the work environment and in my opinion should have not taken place during business hours. I feel that this matter should have been taken care of outside of the work place, after hours, or during a staff meeting and not while the office was open for business and other employees were present. This was not a formal argument, I feel both parties were wrong in the ways that they acted or went about handling the matters at hand, but if I had to choose, I would say that the employee was more to blame for the escalated argument because it was her actions that started this issue.. 1c. What transpired? (Be specific.) Many times when we face conflict, there is a surface-level problem and an underlying problem. The surface-level problem acts only as a symptom of the real problem. Consider both. 1d. What was the surface problem? The surface level problem seemed to be distrust and dishonesty. The fact that there was lying and conniving behavior present in the workplace was sure to cause a domino effect if it wasnt resolved. The surface level problem also presented issues not only related to the business, but also between my aunt and uncle as a married couple. This type of issue could potentionally cause an argument between the business owners who are also married to one another, so it would directly affect both their professional as well as their personal lives. 1e. What was the underlying problem, or the real problem? If this is unclear, what might you speculate the real problem to be? There are many conflict management strategies that can be employed when dealing with conflict. Consider which were present in this conflict. The underlying problem in this circumstance was proven to be the fact that the employee overstepped her boundaries by going behind both owners backs and acting in a shady manner. She was fully aware that she was being dishonest, but all she was concerned about is getting her own way and she didnt care how she got it. Again, the employees actions and dishonesty is what led to this argument and unnecessary drama. 1f. Which conflict management strategies were employed by each of the participants? Did the conflict management strategies change during the course of the conversation? How do you know? There was no type of conflict management strategies utilized. Both parties yelled and screamed at one another. My aunt made accusations and the employee denied everything and made excuses, They basically sat there pointing fingers at one another and getting verbally louder as the argument carried on. I know this, because I heard most of the argument and then happened to walk right in the middle of it as it was taking place. I am actually surprised that it did not become physical, because at one point, it looked as if that is where it was headed. 1g. What was the outcome? Was there a winner? A loser? Did there appear to be an impact on the relationship? If so, what was that impact? The outcome pretty much reached a stalemate as my aunt was the accuser and the employee was the accuse, The employee denied everything and swore up and down that she didnt do anything wrong. There was no proof, just a case of he said she said stories. I would like to say that there didnt seem to be a winner, but at the end of the day my aunt issued the employee a written warning for tardiness and misconduct, so I guess she is declared as the winner. The relationship between the two of them has determinate rapidly and they no longer communicate or associate with one another as they used to. They are really distant from one another and they strictly has a no nonsense work relationship now. 1h. Looking back, describeat least two variables that could be changed in this scene to alter the outcome. Conflict Analysis Part 2: Much of the learning in this course requires you to draw conclusions about your experiences and observations based on the concepts we have read about and discussed. Take this into consideration: First, I think that if my aunt did not approach the employee in an aggressive manner, the issue may have been resolved in a more rationally, responsibly, and mature manner. Second, if the employee would just respect what her superiors say and not overstep her boundaries this all could have been avoided. 2a., 2b. List two specific things you learned about conflict as a result of this exercise. Reference material from the text, discussions, lecture, terminal course objectives, and so forth. Answersthat demonstrate application of the course material and effective critical thinking will earn the greatestnumber of points. Your submission should be approximately one page in length: one paragraph per item for 1a.–1h., and 2a. and 2b.

A good day turned bad – creative writing

Swimming was always an exciting sport for me, it made me feel alive and athletic. However, this finest sport became a mark that would be on me for the rest of my life. Burbury Park was the place, me and my friends decided to go park because there was a football tournament that we had all been waiting for, this was our chance, a chance to get to the final. The weather was absolutely smashing, it couldn't get better. The sun beat down on us and we couldn't have felt a more positive vibe. The birds were singing and the trees moved to the calm wind that was keeping us cool. We were getting ready, doing our warm ups and having a team talk on how we are best team. The match had gone underway, after a nervy few minutes, the score was level, ‘nine-nine' and the atmosphere had already set in; the situation was that the next team to score would advance into the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup'. I dived towards the ball to make a critical save which kept us in a dominant position; thereafter my team had capitalized on what I had done for them. I shouted â€Å"COME ON LADS! Pass and move† and little did I know, they were doing what I had asked of them. I had to be harsh; this will improve them, â€Å"Hey! Markus! What the hell do you think you're doing, shooting from that range, do you think you're Ronaldo?† we were under vast amount of pressure, and the supporters made us know it with their screaming and supportive shouting, knowing that the next goal will be the decider. Markus was by far one of the best players in my team and I knew no-one at the age of fifteen could shoot that far out. The opposition were closing in towards our half of the pitch, and I was becoming more and more anxious with every second that passed by. I had a quick glance towards the clock and to my horror, there was only sixty seconds left, and as the role of captain, I had a duty, and that was to control my team and motivate them to win. I knew that the lads would not survive extra time as the looks on their faces told me they were exhausted and tired. To my surprise I had noticed Aquil (the weakest player in our squad) running towards the box, and then I had seen an opportunity. At that point, Abbas had possession of the ball. I knew that this maybe the last chance, we had to take advantage and maybe even score. Abbas successfully crossed the ball to Aquil, he had finally heard my commands which resulted in the fine cross. The cross was neatly passed to Aquil, it had looked like he was definitely going to score the winner. All the supports were chanting his name, in hope that he was going to score, it was one on one with the keeper, but unfortunately he had slipped. A depressed moan came from our supporters. However out of nowhere, Hussein been waiting for the rebound and had smashed the ball in the bottom of the net. I breathed a huge sigh of relief and the crowds chanted our names, I finally knew what it is like to be a professional football player. We were all tired after that fantastic win allowing us to celebrate like packs of wild animals. I owed it to all my players for all their hard work. Going to the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup' was the greatest achievement ever in our lives! ‘Knackered' was not even the word to describe how tired we were. Sweat was running down our faces onto the cold floor as though it were a waterfall. Tired, half of our team had decided to go back to their warm homes for a cup of tea and a bath, while the rest of us decided to go swimming at our local swimming centre, in Newtown. Me, Aquil, Abbas and Hussein were walking towards the swimming centre. We were all feeling excited about our upcoming match against Aston Villa Youth team in the final. We had just beaten West Bromwich Youth team making us better than them. I had decided that I was going to treat the lads for their hard work after swimming. Me, more than anyone else wanted to step inside the swimming pool and calmly cool down and rest. We were on the way to the swimming pool, we were on the main road and Newtown Swimming Centre could be seen not too far in the distance. On the way towards the Swimming Centre we had seen a park leading us straight to the Swimming Centre. â€Å"C'mon lets take the left and go through the park, it looks much easier.† I said, not knowing what was going to happen next. We had been through the park, ‘Yellow Park', many times before and we had thought it would be the safest and quickest way. We walked pass the main play area and it had seemed empty. Swings left swinging by the wind, and slides left for children to play on. I started to feel agitated and began thinking to myself why there wasn't anyone around. Goosebumps started appearing on my skin as an ice cold shiver rattled through my spine. But there was no turning back now as we had already walked past most of the park. We were at the end of the park and it was just one dark long alleyway. I began wondering even more and started thinking to myself about how corrupted this area had recently become. Newtown is not how it used to be back in the days but is becoming more and more violent and even more crimes are occurring by the minute. We were halfway down the alleyway and I could smell freedom just around fifty yards away. â€Å"Oi! Come here now!† a cold deep voice shouted at us from down the alley. I automatically looked up and to my horror and I saw two dark men. Both were hiding their identity with masks and caps, we knew they were criminals. I felt nervous and scared, thoughts began running through my mind as I thought of an escape plan. Who are these people and what do they want? What are they going to do to us? Why are they calling us? I was able to identify their ethnicity and they were both black. From then on I knew something bad was going to occur. Aquil was standing next to me. On the other hand as I turned around I was shocked to see the rest of my mates making a run for it. All these signs meant that these people were not good and I knew that the next few minutes were going to be some of the worst in my life. I didn't clock on, I was never in this situation before. Froze by fear, I stood still as I saw the men walk towards us, â€Å"Yo, what ends you from?!† they said, not bothering to wait for an answer. I knew if I hadn't responded fast, I wouldn't make it out uninjured. I answered â€Å"Lozells†. There was no reply from these men as they looked down on us. I began to get anxious. I knew that I had a huge sum of money in my wallet and thoughts began creeping into my mind, as I saw the second man reach into his pocket, that these people wanted our money. The first of the two men had started coming closer and closer and as he approached us, he put his arms around the both of us. From that moment my suspicion had been answered because he had said the following words to me. â€Å"I need some money man!† I kept quite. The other black man that was with him had taken my friend, Aquil into a corner of the alley in which I couldn't communicate to him. I had to say something to the person who was talking to me otherwise I would have to face the consequences. I was in a dilemma. I said without thinking â€Å"I have five pounds†. Of course I was lying. â€Å"Good, good, now hand over the flipping money or I will knock the hell out of you.† he said with a harsh tone as he raised a fist to my face, he was swearing too. I was thinking of a way to take out my money without him realising that I had more. Too my stupidity, I took too long and the man had thrown a strong punch at me on my chin. â€Å"ARGH† I shouted in pain as I fell to the floor on my knees. Aquil quickly looked over but really couldn't help me because he was getting robbed by the other mugger. Another punch fell my way but this time on the back of my head, I swore in pain and anger. I looked up and saw that I had no choice but to hand over all my money a huge sum of money. It was sixty pounds. The mugger helped himself and searched me and ran off with my wallet. So did the other mugger. I felt weak. I felt helpless. I was injured. I was bleeding from my mouth and from the back of my head. It had also looked like the other mugger had finished with Aquil. Me and Aquil laid there for a couple of minutes before a couple of members of the public helped us up. I was shaking as I walked back towards my home. I met up with my friends, and they were in shock, they were wondering what they could have done to help me and Aquil. I had told my parents everything that had occurred and of course my parents had phoned the police. It was useless and there was no point as the muggers were long gone†¦ I just thought to myself how a superb day just became worse.

Comparing the Ways

Compare the ways in which Owen powerfully portrays physical and mental consequences of war in the poems ‘Disabled' and ‘Mental Cases' Wilfred Owen's poems ‘Disabled' and ‘Mental Cases' each portray very different aspects of war and its consequences. As their names suggest, ‘Mental Cases' is about the psychological effects war had on soldiers, whereas ‘Disabled' focuses more on the physical consequences of war. However, in both poems the physical and mental costs are all intertwined, and although they describe very different situations, in many ways the poems are alike in their portrayal of the consequences of war overall.The first ways in which we can compare these poems is by their content, language and tone. In the poem ‘Disabled', Owen states the subject's situation in the first line of the poem: â€Å"He sat in a wheeled chair, waiting for dark† this line bluntly highlights to the reader that the subject is disabled, and is obvious ly very handicapped by his injury, because he cannot do anything except ‘waiting for dark'. The narrator the informs the reader of exactly what the man's injuries are, in the same direct style – â€Å"Legless, sewn short at elbow. This emphasizes how starkly and immediately obvious the man's injuries would be to somebody who saw him. In comparison, the poem ‘Mental Cases' starts with the line â€Å"Who are these? Why sit they here in twilight? â€Å"; which is a far less straight forward line, and reflects how little was understood about the mental effects of war at the time. The physical consequences of war are not as prominent in ‘Mental Cases', but they are still mentioned.The most powerful example is when the narrator describes how the shell-shocked soldiers appear: â€Å"their heads wear this hilarious, hideous, awful falseness of set-smiling corpses† and the reader comes to understand that their torment is so great they have lost control of t heir facial muscles. Owen uses the phrase â€Å"their faces wear† to show that their facial expressions are not a true illustration of their feelings, but like a mask covering their thoughts. He then eerily compares their expressions to that of â€Å"set-smiling corpses†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ to perhaps to suggest that these men are almost dead with torment.Another powerful physical description in ‘Mental Cases' is â€Å"their eyeballs shrink tormented – back into their brains† which paints a picture of how gaunt the men's faces are, and how their mental torture is so real to them, that their eyes physically shrink away from the memories. Overall, physical consequences of war provide the central problem for the subject of ‘Disabled', whereas in ‘Mental Cases' the subjects' poor physical condition is because of their mental state. This brings us on to the powerful portrayal of the mental consequences of war in these poems. Mental Cases' is set in an ins titute for mentally damaged soldiers, and starts with a stanza questioning how the men concerned have been reduced to such a state of insanity. One very powerful question which describes the men's mental torment is â€Å"-but what slow panic gouged these chasms round their fretted sockets? † The oxymoron â€Å"slow panic† highlights just how terrible the suffering of the men is as panic is one of the most horrible, alarmed and rushed emotions a person can feel; so to have this feeling drawn out and slow is awful.Owens use of the verb ‘gouged' is also poignant as it is a violent action, so it underlines that these men are the victims of something brutal. Another particularly moving line in the first stanza is â€Å"Ever from hair and through their hands' palms Misery swelters† This statement is very effective at showing how all-consuming their fear and misery is as it metaphorically compares the misery to sweat; which of course comes out of every pore of on e's skin, and the verb â€Å"swelters† is adds to the effect as it conveys the clammy fever which is plaguing the men along with their memories.In comparison to ‘Mental Cases', the poem ‘Disabled' describes less direct mental consequences of war; as the subject of the poem is not suffering from shell-shock, but rather from the loneliness and helplessness which his disability is causing him. Before the war, the subject of the poem was a handsome and popular teenager who was excellent at football, however, his injuries have left him disfigured and completely dependent on others, which leads to a mental torment far subtler but almost as agonising as that of the subjects in ‘Mental Cases' – he spends all his time thinking about the time before the war, and regretting that he signed up.This is the main tragedy behind this poem – the fact that the whole situation could have been prevented if he hadn't. The narrator of the poem recognises this, and ex presses the subject's regret with lines such as â€Å"In the old times, before he threw away his knees†. The use of the phrase â€Å"threw away† shows that the subject does not think that it was worth it – he feels that he lost his limbs for nothing; it was a waste. It also suggests that he blames himself for what happened.Another phrase which is very powerful in conveying the mental consequences of war on the subject of this poem is in the first line; when he is described as sitting and â€Å"waiting for dark†. This shows how he empty his life is, because he has nothing to do but wait for darkness to come, so he can go to bed. The final phrase which powerfully portrays the mental consequences of war is when, describing how the subject was naive when he signed up for the war, the narrator writes â€Å"no fears of Fear came yet. By turning the second ‘fear' into a proper noun, Owen powerfully suggests that there are a multitude of different things e ncompassed in this word for a soldier, and shows how central fear was to soldiers' lives when they were at war. Overall, ‘Mental Cases' shows the most vicious and forceful mental consequences that war could have on a soldier, whereas ‘Disabled' shows an indirect and much more subtle, yet still tormenting psychological impact of war. One thing which the poems have in common concerning the consequences of war, is that it is clear in both that war demanded great sacrifice from the soldiers, and caused great loss for them.This is very powerfully portrayed in ‘Disabled' when the narrator writes â€Å"He's lost his colour very far from here, poured it down shell-holes till the veins ran dry† these two lines are particularly poignant due to Owens use of the verb â€Å"poured† which emphasizes the excessiveness of the young man's loss of blood. The word â€Å"colour† here could be interpreted to mean the man's happiness and natural blush; which reminds the reader again of how handsome and popular he had been.The final point which makes this line so powerful is the phrase â€Å"till his veins ran dry† which conveys to the reader that the subject gave everything he had to the war – his limbs and with them his successful life -, yet got nothing back. In comparison, the subjects of ‘Mental Cases' lost their minds to the war; because of the unimaginable horrors they experienced. The narrator sums this up in the lines â€Å"Carnage incomparable, and human squander rucked too thick for these men's extrication† this shows that the men experienced too many horrors and too much slaughter for them to endure.Another point which both poems express is that the consequences of war, both physical and mental, are irreversible. This is obvious in ‘Disabled', as there is no way he can get his legs back; but the narrator emphasizes this throughout the poem by using the word ‘never' frequently. For example †Å"Now, he is old; his back will never brace†. By describing the man, who cannot be more than nineteen years old, as old, Owen shows the reader just how much of an effect the war had on the subject, as age is one of the few indisputably irreversible things in life.In comparison, the narrator of ‘ Mental Cases', when describing the soldiers' memories, says â€Å"Wading sloughs of flesh these helpless wander. Treading blood from lungs that had loved laughter† by describing them as ‘helpless' the narrator shows he considers the men beyond help. After all, how can you help someone if the source of all their problems is their own memories? The lines are made particularly powerful as they describe the soldiers remembering when they trod on lungs which â€Å"had loved laughter†.This shows that the soldiers had known and laughed with the men whose lungs they were forced to step on because the ground was covered with so many bodies. Another line where we get th e sense that the shell-shocked men are beyond help is when the narrator says â€Å"on their sense sunlight seems a blood-smear†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Dawn breaks open like a wound that bleeds afresh†: if something as beautiful and pure as sunlight and sunrise reminds these men of blood and wounds, then we feel that nothing will ever calm them, and bring them back to sanity. Another way in which we can compare these poems is by their structure.Most noticeably, ‘Disabled' is considerably longer than ‘Mental Cases'. This reflects how the subject of ‘Disabled' is in a state of thoughtfulness and pondering, whereas the narrator of ‘Mental Cases' is simply explaining the subjects to somebody, and therefore does not spend as much time contemplating. The two poems are similar in structure in the sense that they both fluctuate between past and present, but ‘Disabled' does so far more often than ‘Mental Cases' and this again could reflect the contempla tion of the subject. Finally, ‘Mental Cases' does not rhyme at all, whereas ‘Disabled' has a constant, although not regular, rhyme scheme.The lack of rhyme in ‘Mental Cases' could reflect how harsh the realities of war are, and the raw pain and horror that is shell-shock; perhaps Owen did not want to dampen the brutality of the truth in this piece by smoothing it over with rhymes. The final way in which we can compare how Owen powerfully portrays the consequences of war in these poems is by looking at their tone. The first and last stanza of ‘Disabled' have a melancholy tone, which Owen achieves by using language such as ‘ghastly', ‘saddening, ‘pity' and ‘cold'. He also juxtaposes the words ‘dark' and ‘grey', to create a general tone of gloom.The rest of the stanza's fluctuate between a tone of regret and despair, and one of bittersweet reminiscence, as the subject contemplates the past and present. In comparison, ‘Me ntal Cases' has a brutally honest tone all the way through, although it changes from questioning at the beginning to guilty towards the end. Owen achieves this guilty tone with the line â€Å"Snatching after us who smote them ,brother,† in which the narrator accepts that he and his companion are partly to blame for the tragic ending the men in front of them have, and the word ‘brother' suggests that he feels closer to his companion because of this shared guilt.In conclusion, although each poem powerfully portrays a different kind of consequence that war could have on a soldier, they both seem to agree that the losses the subjects of each poem endured were a great sacrifice to them, and one which is irreversible. Another point which the poems seem to recognize, is that their losses were a mistake – it was not worth it. This is shown in disabled by the subjects regret and in ‘Mental Cases' by the narrators guilt at sending the subjects to war.

Emergency Services for the Deaf - 1373 Words

Hurricanes, floods, fires and other emergency circumstances can be stressful for a lot of people, but they present additional hurdles for those who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. In the United States, there is an estimated 36 million adults who report some degree of hearing loss and 2-3 of every 1,000 children is Hard of Hearing or Deaf (National Institute). When an emergency situation arises, all too often these populations of people are the last to find out because it is not accessible to them; having up-to-date information is crucial when it comes to all different emergency situation. With advancing technology, there is hope that receiving information about emergencies will become easier for people who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.†¦show more content†¦This can be especially true for individuals who live alone and may not have someone to wake them up in case of an emergency. Additionally, if there is another person in the home, he or she may be hindered from waking of the individual with a hearing loss because they may be helping small children or they may be hindered by smoke. An example of a need for additional measures in homes to ensure the safety of individuals who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing is the case of a 2010 Arizona house fire, which claimed the lives of two young deaf boys. Their 15-year-old brother ran to emergency personal arriving on the scene and told them his family was inside the home. The parents and two toddlers were in front of the home and said the two other children were still inside, but the roof collapsed before firefighters could make it into the home and boys ages seven and eleven lost their lives (Two Deaf). This is just one example of the many casualties that the Deaf and Hard of Hearing community has to cope with because of outdated technology. Regardless of the fact that the Deaf and Hard of Hearing are at a disadvantage when it coms to receiving weather warning notices, things in their own home can be done to preve nt any accidents from happening. There are two options for a Deaf or Hard of Hearing person when it comes to smoke alarms andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Colombia Report1229 Words   |  5 Pages The Deaf population in the United States is composed both of individuals Deaf since early childhood and individuals who lost their hearing later in life. The quot;Deaf Communityquot;, a heterogeneous mix of people from all walks of life, represents every socio-economic and racial category. However, this group of people consider themselves quot;a communityquot; because they are bound by a common culture, history, heritage and, most importantly, a common language. 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